可以，这很强盗。这两天，美国劳工部公布了一项提案。提案内容不仅无耻，还无耻得明目张胆。来感受一下劳工部官网刊登的通稿：▲美国劳工部公布团结雇佣羁系提案 (via dol.gov)那么……这个“团结雇佣羁系提案”是啥呢？Today, the U.S. Department of Labor announced a proposed rule to revise and clarify the responsibilities of employers and joint employers to employees in joint employer arrangements. 今天（当地时间本周一），美国劳工部宣布了一项指导性规则，对团结雇佣关系中团结雇主对雇员的责任作出了修改和明确。

"This proposal will reduce uncertainty over joint employer status and clarify for workers who is responsible for their employment protections," said Secretary of Labor Alexander Acosta. 劳工部长阿斯科塔表现：“这项提案将淘汰团结雇主身份的不确定性，并为工人们搞清楚谁该为他们的就业掩护卖力。”The Department proposes a clear, four-factor test - based on well-established precedent - that would consider whether the potential joint employer actually exercises the power to:劳工部基于已确定的先例，提出了一项清晰的、包罗四个因素的测试，以用来决断是否以后的团结雇主可以实际行使以下权力：Hire or fire the employee;聘用或开除员工；Supervise and control the employee's work schedules or conditions of employment;监视和控制员工的事情时间与事情条件；Determine the employee's rate and method of payment; and决议员工的人为尺度和支付方式；Maintain the employee's employment records.保留雇佣记载。▲U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ISSUES PROPOSAL FOR JOINT EMPLOYER REGULATION (via dol.gov)(图via网络)这乍一看还让人有些摸不着头脑：“团结雇主”是什么？这项提案为什么可耻？简朴来说，美国有一个“团结雇佣”的观点，即一个员工可以有好几个雇主。在一些团体连锁企业（好比旅店、餐饮等），给你发人为的老板，未必就是你用工条约上的甲方——至少不完全是。

设想一下：以前职工要讨薪休假，有这样那样的诉求，好歹“冤有头债有主”。这回好，劳工部给团结雇主们出了个“闪避大招”，甲方们分分钟可以甩锅：涨最低人为？我做不了主啊！保证休假时间？这我不卖力！有XXX诉求？去找底下的加盟方啊！……遇到这样明目张胆、赤裸裸地耍流氓，也是没谁了。

这不，劳工部这项提案一出，美国各媒体都震惊了。《纽约时报》的标题就绝不遮掩——▲美国接纳措施，限制麦当劳等连锁伙计工的涨薪诉求 (via NYT)来，感受下这浓浓的丧……The Labor Department released a proposal on Monday that would limit claims against big companies for employment-law violations by franchisees or contractors.劳工部周一宣布了一项提案，对（员工）就大公司的特许经销商或承包商违反劳动法的索赔接纳限制。The proposal, which will require a 60-day public comment period before it can be finalized, could affect the ability of millions of workers to pursue wage claims under a concept called joint employment.这项提议需经由60天的民众评议期才气最终敲定。

它可能会对数百万团结雇佣模式下的工人涨薪（或讨薪）造成影响。Franchisees and contractors can be small, poorly capitalized operations, complicating efforts to recover wages that were illegally denied. Instead, those efforts are often directed at large companies with whom those employers have relationships.（可是，）特许谋划商和承包商可能规模较小，资本状况不佳，让工人追讨被非法拒绝的人为变得越发难题。

故而，通常工人的追讨都是冲着那些与雇主有关系的大公司去的。▲U.S. Moves to Limit Wage Claims Against Chains Like McDonald’s (via NYT)——简朴来说，就像是一个500强公司底下有个小加盟商，小加盟商不太靠谱，也没啥能力归还。

所以一旦失事了，员工通常会找它头上的500强讨说法。可根据美国劳工部这个新提案的逻辑，这家500强就很容易撇清了。空留权益受损的员工和还不起钱的小加盟商泪如泉涌。

(图via网络)文章还引用了劳工部给的一个例子：In an example laid out by the Labor Department, a global hotel brand would not be held liable for minimum-wage and overtime violations that a local franchisee committed, even if the franchisee relied on a variety of material provided by the hotel chain, such as sample employment applications and sample employee handbooks.在劳工部给出的一项示例中，一个全球旅店品牌下有一家特许谋划的加盟连锁旅店。可是，纵然这家加盟店的谋划质料都来自于这个品牌——例如就职申请和员工手册的示范等——但它依然不算这个品牌的团结雇主。

换言之，如果该加盟店违反了有关最低人为和超时加班的划定，这个品牌是无需对此卖力的。▲U.S. Moves to Limit Wage Claims Against Chains Like McDonald’s (via NYT)（部门中文综合自劳工部官网的相关示例）有什么事，你找下面的特许经销商闹去。

我们高屋建瓴的大公司，就是要高枕无忧。这种“事不关己”“我好无辜”的感受，真是很迷醉了……也难怪，在网站Splinter News的报道中，作者更是直接用了这样讥笑的标题——▲特朗普政府找到了一种缔造性的新方法来压榨（特许经销下的）工人 (via Splinter News)Emmm....压榨劳动者的“缔造性新方法” 在文章中，作者批判道：Whatever Acosta says, the reasons for this rollback are pretty obvious. 不管阿科斯塔（劳工部长）怎么说，这份提案就是个历史的倒退，而它倒退的原因显而易见。Clearly, it’s harder to extract money from your local franchise for violating your labor rights than it is to get a settlement from an international corporation. This should make big companies happy.显然，从侵犯你劳动权利的特许经销商那讨钱，要比向它头上的国际大公司讨钱难过多。

这个提案会让许多大公司很开心吧！▲The Trump Administration Has Found a Creative New Way to Screw Franchise Workers (via Splinter News)……是啊，有经济实力且更注重企业形象的大公司们，或许之前还会碍于体面、满足工人的部门需求。如今大公司就要堂而皇之地“免责”了，锅甩到了下面良莠不齐的特许经销商手里……他们能不开心么？这样的提案一出，美国网友们真是种种无语……@Dolemite:Every day is some new terrible thing with this administration. It’s like they are rolling back about 60 years of progress.在这届政府里，天天都有一些新的恐怖事情发生。就像这已往60年的种种进步，他们想全部给倒退了回去似的。

@RaoulDookie:I remember when Reagan’s people did that “workfare”. In Philadelphia, union janitors were laid off and replaced with these “workfare” people. The real unfortunate moment came when the “unemployed” janitors were sent to their old jobs for “welfare wages”. They were doing their old jobs for a lot less than their union wages. Only in America! 我想起了里根时代的所谓“事情福利”（保障人们有事情）制度。在费城，许多门卫被开除了，取代他们的是那些享有“事情福利”的人。最不幸的在于，有些“失业”的门卫因为“事情福利”制度恰好被送回了原来的岗位——他们依然当着门卫，但人为却比以前低得多了。

此景只因美国有！@ArtistAtLarge:F**king bullsh*t!去他大爷的！唉……真为大洋彼岸的工人们感应心酸。▲图为去年H&M的员工在讨薪 (via ecotextile.com)文：lanlan图：外媒、网络。

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